The Rise And Fall Of Empires - 1580 Words

Chau’s thesis that the rise and fall of empires was due to tolerance, inclusion, difference, and diversity is shown to be true of the Roman Empire because of the way that tolerance allowed and caused the empire to rise, enter its golden age, and fall. The Roman Empire was a â€Å"hyperpower† that lasted from 44 BCE to 476 CE. The empire contained Western, Southern, and Eastern Europe, along with North Africa; thus, there was an abundance of culture from many different conquered groups. Romans wanted to make these conquered nations provinces of Rome. The Roman Empire began (and the Roman Republic ended) with the assassination of Julius Caesar, who wanted to be a dictator. No longer a republic, the lands already ruled by Rome became part of an empire. The government became centralized with a single ruler, the emperor. However, even before the empire, during the Republic, there was also the similar feeling of wanting to conquer other nations was there. The Roman Empire’s rise began before its coming into existence. Founded in 753 BCE on the Tiber River, Roman myths say that two brothers founded Rome. Rome â€Å"became known for its generosity, particularly toward refugees†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (35). Rome formed military alliances with other nations and tried to incorporate other Italian tribes such as the Etruscans and Umbrians into Roman society and culture. Rome was not harsh or cruel after they defeated their foes. They were like the Persians and offered a treaty with the conquered group. The groupsShow MoreRelatedThe Rise And Fall Of Empires1852 Words   |  8 PagesWhat makes a great empire? In the history of mankind, there have been many empires that have been termed as â€Å"great†. But what made them great and how did they become great? Often times, the things that made them great can also be their downfall. There are countless empires that have risen and fallen-the Islamic Empire, the Mongolian Empire, the Chinese Empire, the Roman Empire, the Inca Empire, the Aztec Empire, the British Empire; the list goes on and on. Each of them had a distinct advantage thatRead MoreThe Rise And Fall Of The Mongol Empire1318 Words   |  6 Pages The Rise and Fall of the Mongol Empire The term â€Å"Mongol† is often thought of as negative; most think of the cruel, violent and barbaric people of ancient china. While this is true in some aspects, the Mongol’s of ancient china were way more than just this. In Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, we learn just how advanced and how massive the Mongol empire was. Genghis Khan and the Mongols were the dominant force that shaped Europe, Asia and consequently the modern world. They are knownRead MoreRise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire2094 Words   |  9 PagesThe Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire The rise of the Ottoman Empire started in Turkey and spread through most of the Middle East. Their military practice and successful transition to the use of gun powder made them one of the most successful ruling bodies in the Middle East. The Ottoman Empire which ruled until modern times had great influence on the Middle Eastern world. Their political and economic abilities astonished the western world. Their religious views and fears wereRead MoreThe Rise And Fall Of The Spartan Empire1922 Words   |  8 Pagespiece, I will discuss the rise and fall of the Spartan Empire, and as well as describe some interesting aspects and characteristics of Spartan culture that separates itself from other Greek city-states. Lastly, I will present different theories of Spartan collapse in addition to my own take as to which was the catalyst for their longest decline. Ultimately, I will attribute Spartan decline to both internal and external factors such as social unrest and the military . Rise of Sparta Sparta is situatedRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of the Mauryan Empire785 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mauryan Empire was the first major empire in the history of India and existed from around 324 BC to 185 BC. It was ruled by the Mauryan dynasty and was one of the was the largest and most powerful political and military empires of ancient India. Chandragupta Maurya founded the Mauryan Empire by overthrowing the Nanda dynasty. In some ways Chandragupta rise to power was inspired by Alexander the Great. As a young man, he had seen the Macedonian army and believed that anything a EuropeanRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire Essay1041 Words   |  5 PagesThe era dominated by Roman empire is one the most well-known and influential periods of history, home to famous names from Julius Caesar to Jesus Christ. At its height, Rome’s territory stretched from the Atlantic coastline to the Middle East, reigning over 60 million people, one-fifth of the population of the ancient world. However, the Roman empire’s treatment of their conquered people’s and their own citizens ultimately led to the permanent downfall of Rome. Even in the century before theRead MoreComparing The Rise And Fall Of The Gunpowder Empires1758 Words   |  8 Pagesthe once Gunpowder Empires dominated and stretched over three continents; India, Turkey, and Iran. The Gunpowder Empires consisted of The Ottoman Empire of Turkey, The Safavid Empire of Iran and The Mughal Empire of India. Each empire had some similarities as well as differences in certain parts of their evolutions and declines. All three empires were ruled in an well-organized and Islamic government with devoted officials. Their religion was dominant because for each empire it gave structure andRead MoreWhy The Rise And Fall Of The Byzantine Empire1637 Words   |  7 PagesShepherd Warren HH-215 Major Mitchell 1 May 2015 Why The Rise and Fall of The Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, or the Eastern Roman Empire, was one of the largest the world has ever seen and it remained so powerful for many reasons but like every empire, it would fall. In 330 A.D., The Roman Emperor Constantine I chose Byzantium to become the new Roman Capitol, he named it Constantinople. The site of Byzantium was originally created to serve as a trade point between Europe and Asia Minor butRead More Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pageswere on one of the greatest people of all. They had power, wealth, and even a half of the world. They built one of the strongest and vast empire that world has ever seen. They came from nothing to something awesome. It started of as a city and ended up being one of the greatest empire of all. This essay is going to focus on the Roman Empire from the rise to the fall and the government, architecture, mythology, Family Structure, and Food of the Romans. As the story goes, Rome was founding in 753 BRead MoreThe Roman Empire And The Rise And Fall Of The Papacy1337 Words   |  6 Pagesestablishment of Christianity may be considered a very essential part of the history of the Roman Empire and the rise and fall of the papacy. The history of the Papacy began over two thousand years ago with the reign of John Paul II. Peter, the humble fisherman of Galilee and an Apostle of Jesus Christ, became the figure head and the basis for the institution that has outlined not only the Roman and Byzantine empires but also the Carolingian Gaul, medieval Germany, Spain, Britain, the Third Reich of Hitler

Psych Quiz #2 - 1202 Words

1. (Points: 4) | | The branch of psychology that is focused on understanding the internal physical events and processes that correspond with our experiences and behavior is called:1. biological psychology.2. cognitive physiology.3. forensic psychology.4. clinical psychology. | | Save Answer | | 2. (Points: 4) | | Neurons are:1. highly specialized cells that produce myelin.2. highly specialized cells that receive and transmit information from one area of the body to another.3. found only in the spinal cord and bone marrow.4. found in primates and humans, but not in other animals. | | Save Answer | | 3. (Points: 4) | | Multiple sclerosis is a disease that involves:1. the degeneration of the myelin†¦show more content†¦the â€Å"synaptic rush.† | | Save Answer | | 15. (Points: 4) | | When President John F. Kennedy was hit by a sniper s bullet in the back of his head, he died almost instantly, because the bullet destroyed the part of his brain called the _____, which controls breathing, heartbeat, and other vital body functions.1. hippocampus2. medulla3. thalamus4. amygdala | | Save Answer | | 16. (Points: 4) | | Which of the following represents the largest region of the brain?1. the cerebellum2. the hindbrain3. the midbrain4. the forebrain | | Save Answer | | 17. (Points: 4) | | The primary communication link between the left and right cerebral hemispheres is called:1. the hypothalamus.2. the hippocampus.3. Broca#39;s area.4. the corpus callosum. | | Save Answer | | 18. (Points: 4) | | Standing at an arrival gate, you scan the faces of the passengers as they walk off the plane, looking for your friend. This visual information is being processed in your:1. parietal lobe.2. temporal lobe.3. frontal lobe.4. occipital lobe. | | Save Answer | | 19. (Points: 4) | | Researchers have found that the female hippocampus tends to be larger than the male hippocampus. Based on evidence presented in the Critical Thinking box in the text, à ¢â‚¬Å" His and Her Brains?† you would be justified in asserting which of the following?1. Because of the differences in the size of the hippocampus, females will beShow MoreRelatedHow Diagnoses of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is Big Business 1188 Words   |  5 Pagesindustry is now using similar marketing techniques to focus on adult ADHD, which could become even more profitable. For example, the biopharmaceutical Shire advertised saying, â€Å"If you were diagnosed with ADHD as a child, you might still have it. Take a quiz at ownyouradhd.com to recognize your symptoms.† It then showed the lead singer of Maroon 5 recalling that as a child, â€Å" I wondered why I couldnt organize my thoughts. And like many, I didnt outgrow [my ADHD] [†¦] It’s Your ADHD – Own It.† (Adam LevineRead MoreThe Quiz : Happiness Test2001 Words   |  9 Pages In the first test I took the title of the quiz was Happiness Test, but when you look at the d escription of it before you even take it, it states, â€Å"An optimistic attitude benefits not only your mental health, but your physical well-being as well. Take this test to see where you fall on the optimism/pessimism continuum† (Psychology Today). But the title of the quiz is â€Å"Happiness Test† so is happiness tied in to being optimistic? It could be, to be optimistic is to be hopeful and confident about theRead MorePsych Syllabus Essay2272 Words   |  10 PagesIntroductory Psychology COURSE CREDIT 4 credit hours TERM/YEAR Win 2014 COURSE LOCATION http://macomb.angellearning.com TIME/DAY 24/7 for eight weeks FACILITATOR Dr. Orlich E-MAIL Angel course e-mail system TEXT Rathus, S.A., PSYCH 3 (Wadsworth/Cengage, 2014) Psychology. COURSE DESCRIPTION OUTCOMES This course will provide an introductory overview of the nature, scope, and methods of psychology as behavioral science, emphasizing development, biological foundation ofRead Morewatashiwa Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pages 1. As a student, have you ever experienced cheating (whispering, kodigo, sign language, etc.) during quizzes? __yes __no (If your answer is no, do not answer the succeeding questions) 2. What are your reasons for cheating? Kindly choose one. __lack of knowledge __not prepared for the quiz __the lesson is not interesting __to get high score 3. How often do you cheat? __sometimes __always 4. What did you feel after cheating? __felt guilty and disappointed __felt happy Read MoreHrm Potential Risks in Apple Inc.3637 Words   |  15 PagesAssignment 2 Individual Report Name: Zeng Xiangyuan Module title: HRM Essay title: Apple Inc. Class: BSc 18C Word count: 2643 Date: Nov/15/2012 Table Of Content 1. Introduction – HRM amp; Potential risks in Apple Inc. (P3) 2. Recruiting – Internal amp; External sources (P4-P5) 3. Selection – Five steps in the selection process (P6-P8) 4. Training and development – Stages of designing (P8-P10) 5. Conclusion (P10) 6. References (P11-P12) Read MoreSchool Related Anxiety Group : Questions2750 Words   |  11 Pagesand Screening Recruitment for the school anxiety group will be through the counseling center website, flyers on campus and through emails to academic advisors and medical centers on campus (Damer Melendres, 2011). The flyers will provide a simple quiz to help the public determine whether or not school related anxiety is a problem for them as well as a bulleted list of how to seek help afterward. Due to the versatility of the recruitment process ranging from self referrals to school referrals, theRead MoreUnit 8 p1 m1 -Physiological Perspectives3056 Words   |  13 Pagesclassical conditioning, 2013, available from) http://www.simplypsychology.org/classical-conditioning.html Assessed date: - 29/01/2013 (Simple psychology, Abraham Maslow, 2013, available from) http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html Assessed date: - 27/2/2013 (AQA B Psychology, Freud- the psychodynamic approach, 2013, available from) http://aqabpsychology.co.uk/2010/07/freud-the-psychodynamic-approach/ Assessed date: - 28/02/2013 (Approaches to psychology, the biological approach, 2013, available from)Read MoreSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 Pages 9th Edition _ Susan M. Hillier, Georgia M. Barrow (IM+TB) Algebra and Trigonometry, 9E_Michael Sullivan (ISM+TB) Alternative Dispute Resolution A Conflict Diagnosis Approach, 2E_Laurie S. 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Coca Cola Marketing Communication free essay sample

COCA COLA MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS SUCCESS We all know what coca cola is. It needs no introduction. It is the carbonated drink that we call coke and that most people can’t live without. Coca cola has been in business for 125 years. It has 139,600 employees in more than 200 countries from all over the globe and produces 1. 7 billion servings per day. As a successful beverage company, coca cola has enjoyed 49 consecutive years of increased dividends which means that it is successful and it is profiting – a lot! (The Coca Cola Company, n. d. ) Coca cola is the major sponsor of the biggest show on earth, American Idol – a reality singing competition in the United States which has ran for 10 seasons. This year, American Idol is on its 10th  year. If you watch the show every week you will see the seriousness and aggressiveness of its marketing campaign. Coco cola is used as a screen saver for American Idol’s big screens on stage. We will write a custom essay sample on Coca Cola Marketing Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You will also see very conspicuously and coca cola resting on the judges’ tables sipped by the famous celebrities of the world, Randy Jackson, Steven Tyler and Jennifer Lopez. Of course the seemingly subtle hints are screaming subliminally to viewers to sip the same soda that the famous people are drinking. At present there could be more than 60 million viewers of the show from the United States alone, that excludes the other countries all over the world that are glued to the primetime show, let’s make it then hundreds of millions of viewers representing different races, genders and age and even religion. So that is the target number of coca cola’s market through American Idol. This is an effective strategy of coca cola that can be summed up as hitting many birds with one stone, that is, through American Idol alone. In addition to American Idol Coca Cola also shows advertising campaigns that are customized in each specific country and which are shown on televisions, internet, radios, billboards and simple signs and banners on retail stores. The objective of customization is to ensure a culturally-friendly and gender-sensitive marketing campaign. The ifferentiation of coke’s marketing strategies ensures a stable and growing market for the soda. In some countries coca-cola is advertised using cartoon characters that attracts children. More appropriately coke advertisements show the whole extended family from the great grand-parents up to the great grand-children who are all enjoying a big and important family celebration with coke. With this strategy the age category is hit and so with the concern of being culturally sensitive especially for cultures w ho value the family or Christmas celebrations all their lives. Coke is endorsed by famous international and local celebrities from Hollywood to Bollywood actors and actresses, sports celebrities and athletes, singers and politicians. Some of its advertising campaign use local celebrities admired by the coke-drinking public. Some advertisements also show regular people that the majority of the coke market can very much relate to. From the major cities of the world to the most remotest communities coca-cola is a popular carbonated drink. It is a fact that coca cola has conquered even the remotest of communities in the Sub-Saharan Africa or in South-East Asia, which means that it is virtually everywhere. Today, the company promotes the following positive messages to its patrons. It’s coke smile-izer; Live positively; Where will happiness happen next? ; Yes Coca Cola; and Coke Perfect Harmony and a lot more! All of these positive and happy images attract a large number of following, because who would not want to be not happy and positive. In addition to this coke has a proven benefit to drinkers which is its quenching thirst ability and its good taste. In a globally competitive world where stress and depression are the outcomes, the stimulating taste and effect of drinking coke coupled with its similarly stimulating advertisements in all forms of media from the television, the internet, radio, print ads, billboard and banners that are customized and translated to different language is a big hit. In other words it is successful. While coke advertises aggressively it also promotes itself through marketing gimmicks such as coke rewards, voting American Idol for free by submitting free lyrics, its poverty reduction campaign and protection of polar bears. These techniques particularly the last two promotes coca cola as a socially and environmentally responsible company that appeals to the socially aware drinking public. With coca-cola’s marketing strategy it is assured of growth, leadership and sustainability which are its overarching goal and its mission: optimism, happiness, creating value and making a difference (The Coca Cola Company, n. d. ). REFERENCE The Coca Cola Company, n. d. Our Company. [online] Available at: http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/ourcompany/index. html [Accessed 10 May 2011].

Life Cycle of a Group Essay Example

Life Cycle of a Group Essay Topic: Discuss the life cycle of a group, showing how the process involved in each stage can affect the overall effectiveness of any group in the performance of an assigned task. A group is a collection of two or more people who, over a period of time develop shared norms of behavior, are interdependent, and interact with each other for the purpose of achieving some common goal or set of goals. There are two types of groups namely; a formal group and an informal group. For example, a formal group in an organization is deliberately formed to achieve specific objectives. This is achieved through organization, co-ordination and delegation of work load within the group. Within a formal group exist set rules and procedures to be adhered to, all information is declared and taken note of. All formal groups have a formal point of origin and an end point. An informal group however is formed by personal preferences and satisfies psychological and social needs (Mullins, L. 2005). A lack of official information will quickly reveal informal groups within an organization. The grape vine will pass information swiftly through the organization. This cuts through the organization’s structure ignoring the formal channels of communication. The group members are spread across departments; they may be friends who do lunch, or smokers who meet outside the building. This networking is informal, and can benefit the individual member; each group has its own culture. These groups are cross sectional, and are formed without any involvement from the formal structure (Mullins, L. 2005). According to B. W. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Cycle of a Group specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Life Cycle of a Group specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Life Cycle of a Group specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Tuckman (1965), as a group develops towards an effective, productive and healthy team it will pass through a number of distinct and natural sequences of stages. Each stage has both specific a task and socio-emotional issues. Knowledge of these stages and relevant behaviors can assist greatly in the understanding of the needs of the group. By understanding this, one can ask the right questions to discover at what stage the team is and what needs to be done to progress its development. The five stages of a group’s life cycle as defined by B. W. Tuckman (1965) are forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. Each of these stages is unique and is characterized by its own set of distinctive behaviors and issues for the team and the leader (Tony Chapman et al). The first stage of the life cycle of a group is a stage commonly referred to as â€Å"forming† or testing and dependency stage. Forming is the initial meeting stage of proposed members of the group just coming together. The term â€Å"testing† refers to an attempt by group members to discover what interpersonal behaviors are acceptable in the group based on the reactions of other group members. It is at this first set of encounters the members of the group decide explicitly on the purpose of the formation of the group and formal rules may be set. At this stage, members establish base level expectations, norms and sort common goals that are agreed upon. The group also begins the process of contact and bonding, and development of trust within its members. Members identify similarities in behavior and may even form sub groups or even allies based on such similarities or differences. Individual roles and responsibilities are usually not set and still unclear to its members. This forming stage of the group, also referred to as the â€Å"childhood† stage of the group because of its dependency, is often characterized by feeling of shyness, uncertainty, anxiety, anticipation and diffidence among the members. An extravert member may rapidly assume some kind of leadership (B. W. Tuckman) in order to commence progression of the group. The leadership of the group however, can be set either by council, members of the group themselves or leadership of the group can be done simultaneously, but must be done in order to provide some sort of structure for the group. There is usually high dependence on the group’s leader for guidance and direction, and little agreement on the group’s aims other than those which are received from the leader. The leader of the group must be prepared to answer questions about the group’s purpose, objectives and external relationships (B. W. Tuckman 1965). Hence without the quick establishment or selection of a leader in this stage of the group’s life cycle may cause the group to stagnate, thus unable to move forward with its assigned task. The second stage of the group’s life cycle is referred to as â€Å"storming† or the â€Å"adolescent† stage of the group. Storming is a period of jockey for position, authority and influence among members (B. W. Tuckman 1965). Team members vie for position as they attempt to establish themselves in relation to other team members and the leader, who might receive challenges from team members. At this point of the â€Å"storming† process, members may test the tolerance of the system and may challenge the leadership and control of the group. Such challenges may be brought about by other extravert members who wanted an opportunity to be the leader, or may be brought about by sub groups or cliques that were formed within the group itself. With this creation of a power struggle within the group, the initial leader(s) may not even survive this period because he may be voted out or forced to withdraw his leadership by other members of the group. When such disputes arise, the progression of the group’s life cycle stagnates and will be unable to move forward with its assigned task until such issues are dealt with and agreed upon unanimously within the group. Apart from power and control differences at this phase of the group’s life, inter group conflict is prevalent in this phase. Conflict and tension may ensue as group members and sub groups become hostile towards each other as a means for expressing their individuality and resisting the formation of the group structure (B. W. Tuckman 1965). Interaction is uneven and â€Å"infighting† is common. The lack of unity may be an outstanding feature existing in this stage, thus decision making becomes a difficult task. One of the most crucial elements at this stage is to resolve any conflicts within the group by enforcing the norms of communication established in the previous stage. By getting the group to re-focus on the goals of the given tasks and avoid becoming distracted by relationship and emotional issues, the more likely progression will transpire to the next stage of development. The third stage in the life cycle of a group is referred to as â€Å"norming† or the â€Å"adulthood† stage. Having sorted out its internal structure, there is then the issue of what the group stands for. What behavior and contribution is acceptable and what isn’t. Members explore behind the power processes and begin to form some idea of the group’s identity; the ‘group in the mind’. This is rarely done explicitly, of course, and it can readily slip back into storming (Atherton J. S. ), causing regression of the group. Norming promotes openness to other group members and the development of cohesiveness and that ‘in-group’ feeling of belongingness. Agreement and consensus is largely formed among the group, who respond well to facilitation by the group leader. This can be attributed to the norms of interaction are fully formed at this particular stage and members of the group begin to comply. Group members accept the group and accept the idiosyncrasies of fellow members. The group becomes an entity by virtue of its acceptance by the members, their desire to maintain and perpetuate it and the establishment of new group-generated norms to insure the groups existence. Harmony is of maximum importance, and task conflicts are avoided to insure harmony (B. W. Tuckman et al) and the emblem of membership starts to occur. Roles and responsibilities are clear and accepted, as well as the process for the solving of problems is also established. Decisions are made by group agreement, through the process of negotiation and consensus building. At this stage of the group unity and commitment is strong and mutual support is possible, since group members have the similar desire to achieve the same task. The team discusses and develops its processes and working style. Since the main goal of cohesion and general respect for the leader is achieved, some of the leadership is also shared by the team, where smaller decisions may be delegated to individuals or sub groups within the group. At this particular stage of a group’s development, members of the group should be mindful that a strong feeling of cohesiveness does not override the realistic appraisal of alternatives causes of action. This process is referred to as â€Å"groupthink†. Groupthink, a term coined by social psychologist, occurs when a group makes faulty decisions because group pressures lead to a deterioration of â€Å"mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment†. Groups affected by groupthink ignore alternatives and tend to take irrational actions that dehumanize other groups. A group is especially vulnerable to groupthink when its members are similar in background, when the group is insulated from outside opinions, and when there are no clear rules for decision making (Irving Janis 1972). It can also occur when members believe in the rightness of their cause and therefore ignore the ethical or moral consequences of their decisions. Hence it is crucial to have members who are willing to challenge the direction of the group, but not challenge the group itself, which will result in regression of the group’s progress, hence affect the effectiveness of assigned tasks. The forth stage of the life cycle of a group is referred to as â€Å"performing†. It is at this stage the group is at its most powerful, in terms of efficiency and performance, because it now more strategically aware of its purpose. The team is able to work toward achieving the goal of the group, and also to attend to relationship, style and process issues along the way. The group, which was established as an entity during the preceding phase, can now become a problem-solving instrument (B. W. Tuckman 1965). It does this by directing itself to members as objects, since the subjective relationship between members has already been established. Members can now adopt and play roles that will enhance the task activities of the group, since they have learned to relate to one another as social entities in the preceding stage (B. W. Tuckman et al). This performing stage is an advance continuation of stage three, which is the norming phase. The group now switches from collecting to processing the information given, then works collaboratively to find solutions to these problems using appropriate control measures, also try different solution methods, without being committed to one line of action. One problem that may occur at this stage is when ideas set forth by group members are challenged by other members within the group. This may result in personality conflicts and can cause regression as far back as stage one; hence a longer timeframe is needed for the completion of the given task. The fifth and final stage of the group’s life cycle is known as the â€Å"adjourning† phase, and is commonly referred to as the â€Å"mourning† phase because the group’s life has literally come to an end. This stage is about completion and disengagement from both the task and the group members (B. W. Tuckman). Members will be proud of having achieved accomplishment of the given task and glad to have been a part of the group. In this stage group members need to recognize what they have done and consciously move on. This stage is helpful particularly if members of a group have been closely bonded and have derived status or identity with in the group. It is important to manage carefully the adjourning of the group, since this emotional time should be made as meaningful as the group was. In conclusion, it should be noted that there are no fixed time limits for each stage of the group’s life cycle. Each step of the development process builds on the previous one and prepares that phase to progress to the performing phase. With every new challenge that the group is face with, the process repeats and initial phases may have to be revisited, causing regression of the group. Phases of the group’s life cycle may also overlap at any given time during the execution of the assigned task, however phases cannot be skipped as this will result in a negative effect of the performing stage of the group. Words (2156) Reference 1. Tuckman, Bruce W. (1965) Developmental sequence in small groups, 2. ATHERTON J S (2003) Learning and Teaching: Group Development 3. Tuckman, Bruce W. Jensen, M. A. Stages of small-group development revisited. Group Org. Studies 4. Tuckman, Bruce W. (1984) Citation classic Developmental sequence in small groups 5. Janis, Irving L. (1972). Victims of Groupthink. New York: Houghton Mifflin. 6. Mullins, L. (2005). Management and Organizational Behavior 7. Tony Chapman, Bill Best, Paul Van Casteren – Executive Coaching