Depression and Suicide in Native American Adolescents Essay

Depression and Suicide in Native American Adolescents Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The United States records the highest number of both successful suicides as well as attempted suicides on an annual basis. According to studies, 80 people commit suicide on a daily basis whereas emergency departments receive thousands of visits with cases of self-inflicted injuries (Ginsburg et al., 2008). Teenagers aged 15-24 report the highest cases of successful suicide and suicide attempts. Native American teenagers make the largest percentage of these suicides. According to Gary (2005), stress is the main reason why suicide related cases are ever on the rise in the US. This stress normally results from depression, which comes in different forms such as self-doubt, uncertainty about the future as well as strains of being successful. Apart from providing an analysis on the high rate of depression and suicide among Native American adolescents, the study talks about necessary measures that ought to be taken in a move to curb these suicide cases. Depression   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to studies, depression is the act of feeling sad, this occurs when one is not satisfied with a certain outcome (Walls et al., 2007). Depressions could be disastrous if not handled in the right manner. For instance, a person experiencing depression is likely to commit a heinous act if appropriate measures are not taken to curb the situation. Lack of proper attention is the reason why most Native American youths are committing suicide in the United States. According to studies, many Native American teenagers become depressed due to a number of reasons, for instance, frequent family disputes as well as poor performance in schools (CDC, 2010). Native Americans have incurred a number of problems throughout their lives. For instance, apart from exploitation, Native Americans have lived in adverse poverty for decades. This level of poverty has made it difficult for most parents to offer their children quality education since most of the m live in poor and unhealthy lifestyles (Listug-Lunde, Vogeltanz-Holm & Collins, 2013).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   High rate of poverty is the main reason why many Native American adolescents end up becoming depressed. Due to poverty, youths are forced out of school, hence; they spend most of the time working for the family in addition to seeking low paying jobs in major cities. Since these youths spend most of the time outside the classroom, this result to poor performance, hence, low self-esteem (Gary, 2005). Dropping out of school is more devastating for girls compared to boys. This is because, these girls are likely to become pregnant and this makes life even more difficult for them, hence, this is the reason why girls are the most affected with depression compared to boys (NAMI, 2014). Due to the unhealthy lifestyles, Native American parents have higher chances of divorce compared to other races. Conflicts and separations among Native American parents also play a major role when it comes to depression among youths. When a family files for a divorc e, life becomes even more difficult compared to how it was before the separation. It is through these challenges that most adolescents gradually develop the feeling of depression, making them commit inhumane atrocities such as suicide. Suicide   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to studies conducted by Balis and Postolache (2008), suicide comes third among the leading causes of deaths in adolescents residing in the United States. The reason why most American Native adolescents contemplate suicide is because they tend to believe it is the only solution to the challenges they incur. There are different methods in which suicide attempts are made. For instance, apart from suffocation by hanging, other common forms of suicide include the use of poison as well as firearms (CDC, 2010). According to studies, most boys tend to use firearms when committing suicide whereas girls opt for poison or the suffocation method. According to Gilder and Ehlers (2012), most teenagers contemplate suicide after undergoing major disappointments. Apart from strained interpersonal relationships, other factors that have contributed to high incidences of suicide cases among Native American teenagers include high level of stress. Acc ording to studies, Native American adolescents are likely to undergo high levels of stress that come as a result of divorce by parents. Girls opt to commit suicide after being victims of sexual or physical abuse (Listug-Lunde, Vogeltanz-Holm & Collins, 2013).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The reason why Native Americans have the highest reports of suicide incidences is due to the lack of good relations, which are of great importance especially during emotional changes (Gary, 2005). A good support network is essential since it acts as an outlet that helps them deal with the inner feeling. It is evident that people that are depressed commit most suicide attempts. According to studies, depression is usually considered a mental health disorder since it causes chemical imbalances within one’s brain. These imbalances result to lethargy, despondency as well as general apathy towards one’s life, hence, causing one to contemplate suicide (NAMI, 2014). Substance abuse is another main cause of suicide among Native American adolescents. Most youths start using illegal substances due to numerous challenges they undergo. Through peer pressure, youths are made to believe that drug abuse and consumption of alcohol will reliev e them of their problems (Faye, 2005). Risk factors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Suicidal incidences never occur out of blues, these victims display a number of signs. The reason why most of the suicides are successful is that most people notice these signs but they never take any precautionary measures. Studies show that firearms are the most used weapons among teenagers that commit suicide (CDC, 2010). The reason why guns are the most used weapons is due to their easy accessibility. Apart from firearms, adolescents have access to other items such as alcohol and motor vehicles. Some of the signs shown by people contemplating suicide include sudden withdrawal from peers or family members as well as the loss of interest in activities that were pleasurable in the past. According to studies, people contemplating suicide tend to be more aggressive than usual (Gilder &Ehlers, 2012). Hence, it is the responsibility of family members and close peers to monitor people displaying such behavioral changes. These behaviors are rar ely considered among the Native Americans and it is the reason why this tribe records the highest rate casualties.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When it comes to risk factors associated with suicide attempts, one’s genetic factor also plays a major role. According to Theodora and Teodor (2008), some suicidal thoughts are usually genetic. Hence, the suicidal history of one’s family also needs to be put into consideration. Apart from behavioral changes, other factors that need consideration when focusing on risk factors includes gender, ethnicity one’s and socioeconomic status. For instance, in the case of gender and ethnicity, boys are five times likely to commit suicide compared to their female counterparts. As for age, teenagers above 20 years are more likely to commit suicide compared to those aged 12 and below. Geographically, most cases of teenage suicide and usually experienced in the western states such as Alaska (Theodora & Teodor, 2008). Intervention/Treatment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to reduce the rate of suicide incidences among adolescents, appropriate intervention measures ought to be considered. For instance, families and peers need to monitor each other in a move to identify any behavioral changes that might arise. Early identification of behavioral changes is quite beneficial since it minimizes chances of successful suicidal attempts. Apart from monitoring behavioral changes, identification and minimization of risk factors is also of great importance. For instance, limiting the access of firearms as well as alcohol and drugs will result to a reduction in suicidal attempts (Theodora & Teodor, 2008). Youths need to be encouraged to participate in physical activities since it tends to reduce one’s thoughts of contemplating suicide. Youths under the influence of drugs require proper attention since they are likely to commit heinous acts such as committing suicide. Such people ought to be placed under psychological or clinical care where they are to undergo rehabilitation programs (NAMI, 2014).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Family support plays a major role when it comes to minimizing the rate of youth suicidal attempts. Through family support, youths feel wanted and this results to minimal suicidal thoughts. Lack of family support increases the chances of suicidal attempts since these youths tend to believe that they are not wanted; this is because they do not feel the parental love (Gilder & Ehlers, 2012). Another intervention measure is by educating youths about religious believes. Teaching teenagers about the Bible and God’s teaching will minimize suicidal attempts (Theodora & Teodor, 2008). This is because adolescents will realize that they are the children of God who loves them and will not be happy when they commit suicide since he has good plans for them. Though the Bible, teenagers will also learn how to pray to God and ask for strengths in times of temptations. Similarly, urgent medical attention needs to be sought on youths that are undergoi ng depression (NAMI, 2014). Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cases of teenage suicide in the US are ever on the rise. According to studies, 80 people commit suicide on a daily basis, most of them Native American teenagers. Stress is one main factor that causes most youths to contemplate suicide. Most American Native youths become stressed after they drop out of school due to poverty, physical and sexual abuse as well as family wrangles such as divorce. Apart from suffocation by hanging, other common forms of suicide include poisoning and the use of firearms. In order to minimize the rate of youth suicide, a number of risk factors ought to be put into consideration. For instance, apart from behavioral changes, family members need to look out for other traits such sudden withdrawal from family members and peers in addition to the sudden loss of interest in activities that were pleasurable in the past. Some of the intervention measures required in a move to curb youth suicide include the monitoring of behavioral changes, limiting the access of firearms and alcohol and seeking medical attention of youths experiencing depression. Finally, educating youths about the Bible and how to pray whenever they are faced with temptations will also reduce youth’s suicidal attempts. References Balis, T. & Postolache, T. (2008). â€Å"Ethnic Differences in Adolescent Suicide in the United States.† NCBI. 1(3): 281–296. Retrieved on 9 December 2014 from http://www.healthandwelfare.idaho.gov/Portals/0/Families/Suicide%20Prevention/Native%20American%20Males/Reports/Suicide_in_Native_American_males_FINAL.pdf Gary, F. A. (2005). Perspectives on Suicide Prevention among American Indian and Alaska Native Children and Adolescents: A Call for Help. Online Journal of Issues In Nursing, 10(2), 170-211. Retrieved on 9 December 2014 from http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=daf42f13-b168-42b7-b4388b238c57fed4%40sessionmgr4005&vid=37&hid=4104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=17356288 Gilder, D.& Ehlers, C. (2012). â€Å"Depression Symptoms Associated with Cannabis Dependence in an Adolescent American Indian Community Sample.† NCBI.21(6): 536–543. Retrieved on 9 December 2014 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498983/ Ginsburg, G. S., Baker, E. V., Mullany, B. C., Barlow, A., Goklish, N., Hastings, R., &Walkup, J. (2008). Depressive Symptoms Among Reservation-based Pregnant American Indian Adolescents. Maternal & Child Health Journal, 12110-118. doi:10.1007/s10995-008-0352-2 Listug-Lunde, L., Vogeltanz-Holm, N., & Collins, J. (2013). A Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment For Depression In Rural American Indian Middle School Students. American Indian &Alaska Native Mental Health Research: The Journal Of The National Center, 20(1), 16-34 NAMI. (2014). Mental Illness. Retrieved on 9 December 2014 from http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=By_Illness Walls, M. L., Chapple, C. L., & Johnson, K. D. (2007). Strain, Emotion, and Suicide among American Indian Youth. Deviant Behavior, 28(3), 219-246. doi:10.1080/01639620701233100 Source document

Fahrenheit 451 and There Will Come Soft Rains Essay

A majority amount of stories may have a similar trait to another piece of writing. A large amount of stories have been compared in ways such as theme, settings, characters, irony, and close evidence of foreshadowing. Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury and â€Å"There Will Come Soft Rains,† by Ray Bradbury are an example of similar stories by sharing some of the same qualities. These two readings can be said to be identical in some ways by containing a common idea of negative effects of war and the value of the natural world but can be contrasted by being consisted of two different kinds of main characters. Fahrenheit 451 shows these aspects throughout the novel. In Fahrenheit 451 Mrs. Phelps says, Anyway, Pete and I always said, no tears nothing like that. It’s our third and we’re independent. Be independent, we always said. He said, if I get killed off, you just go right and don’t cry, but get married again, and don’t think of me. (Bradbury 95) This shows negative effects of war by saying that Mrs. Phelps shouldn’t cry if her husband is killed and needs to get married again and be independent like her and her husband always said. This can be compared to all the wives who lose their husbands in war and become widows. In Fahrenheit it shows the value of the natural world. This is shown when Faber says, â€Å"NO, no, it’s not books at all you’re looking for! Take it where you can find it, in old phonograph records, old motion pictures, and in old friends; look for it in nature and look for it in yourself† ( Bradbury 128). This shows that Faber values that natural and thinks everyone should look at it the way he does. Nature should be valued and many people take advantage of it in Faber’s opinion and even do it in today’s world. Fahrenheit’s main character is Montag and is demonstrated With his symbolic helmet numbered 451 on his solid head, and his eyes all orange flame with- the thought of what came next, he flickered the igniter and the house jumped up in gorging fire that burned the evening sky red and yellow and black. (Bradbury 3) Montag is the main character who is the firefighter who ignites homes if they contain any books. This seems very odd because in today’s society Fireman are supposed to stop fires and save lives not start them. These three points of comparison and contrast are also shown in Bradbury’s other story, â€Å"There Will Come Soft Rains.† The short story, â€Å"There Will Come Soft Rains† is similar to Fahrenheit 451 but readers can also see different aspects in both readings. â€Å"This house was the one home left standing. At night the ruined city gave off a radioactive glow which could be seen for miles† (Bradbury 615). Radioactive means that there was some type of nuclear weapon that destroyed the city. So the one home that was left became independent after everything was destroyed. Nature will live on even if man is gone and nothing is living on earth (Bradbury 615-617). This is shown by nature taking over this city after all men depart. All of the plants and trees are still living by themselves with no help from and will continue to grow on their own. â€Å"The house tried to save itself. Doors sprang tightly shut, but the windows were broken by the heat and the wind blew and sucked upon the fire† (Bradbury 618). The house was the main character because it was the only thing left in the city and was very significant. The house tried to save itself by fighting the fire and trying to stop it from burning it down just like our firefighters do today. Negative effects of war, value of the natural world, and main characters are all compared and contrasted in Fahrenheit 451 and â€Å"There Will Come Soft Rains.† Montag and the house were both the main characters from the different stories and could be said to be very different in many ways. Mrs. Phelps and her husband in Fahrenheit and the house in soft rains were both independent t and showed the trait of negative effects of war. The value of the natural world was shown in both stories by being mentioned many times and that people should real appreciate what it does for us and not take advantage of it. In the society of today, Americans dying and wives losing their husbands to violence in war is very visible and is a negative effect just as it is in both pieces of reading. In different eyes of readers these stories can be said to be similar and different in multiple ways.

The Throw-Away Society

The throw-away society From lumpish walkman to handy ipod, from family traditional wedding dress to one-time use paper gown, our society witnesses the globally social revolution of throwing away. Quantity replaces quality and hence becomes the buzzword of the new world. But looking forward and in retrospect, do we really should flood in the throw-away fashion upon which our attitude towards man-made things has altered so much? And what on earth do we throw away? When we throw away the no-more-need things and replenish our refrigerators and wardrobes, we throw away resources. No matter they are patches of fabric to make a new scarf or tons of steel to produce new cars, all of them come from the valuable resources of which the stock depletes severely day by day. News and reports broadcast how scarce our natural resources are becoming, but people still throw away. Few of them have realized that the process of throwing away is the exact procedure to turn resources towards garbages. Furthermore, it is also sometimes too obscure to be noticed that throwing away products also incurs throwing away good memories. A doll you had when you were a little girl would always prompt you the innocent and sweet childhood; an umbrella you used for 4 years in the campus would always remind you of the fresh and brisk university life. When all these similar reminders become less and less, that particular period of life would be more likely to be locked somewhere in your mind, not so easy to be touched again any more. Admittedly, the throw-away society gives us so many choices among which we are prone to be less picky but also more emotionless. We seldom keep a dress for 10 years like our mothers do since all the new styles have emerged and we have so many chances to choose a more delicate one. When we discard the old one, we don’t feel a tiny bit mercy; when we welcome the new one, we don’t sense the joy that much either. It’s believed today that the whole world, material or non-material, is formulated this way, easy and convenient; thus we tend to be less reminiscent of the unforgettable birthday party while we were attired with that particular dress. The dress is still the original one, but the connotation of the dress has changed through your life, for it has been a witness to your growth, your maturity, tear and laughter, ups and downs. The longer you keep it, the more it becomes part of yourself. So many people nowadays complain that they are lost somewhere in their life and they feel onfused and puzzled to forge ahead. It’s a paradox that people want to sustain a whole self but still discard part of himself. Living in the throw-away society, what people eventually throw away is the real self, subconsciously and accidentally. It’s a trend that we will continue throwing away, as it seems to be destined. But during this inexorable process, more reflections are bound to elaborat e and expand on it since we all despise to see a world with complete trash but desperate ourselves.

Domestic violence against men Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Domestic violence against men - Essay Example Finally, this paper discusses the Elizabeth Smart’s case; it offers an overview of the case, elements of the crime, mitigating factors and connects the criminological theory of feminism to the crime committed against Elizabeth. Criminology Question 1 For many years, a great deal of focus has been put on women as victims of domestic abuse, but the focus should be put on men too as there are men who are also affected. 7.5 percent of men in the United States go through physical and or sexual abuse by affectionate partners at some time in their adult lives as Dreeben-irimia indicates (2011). There are plenty of reasons why domestic violence against men is not as much in the limelight as against women. The idea of men being abused is seen as embarrassing and unthinkable, so most men who are abused will not even contemplate reporting the situation. Men are seen as the stronger sex and an exhibition of weakness may make a man feel less of a man; thus, a man will not report so as not to be seen as weak. Secondly, there have been plenty of campaigns and programs put in place encouraging and supporting women who are abused, but this has not been seen in regard to men’s similar plight. ... It is only fair to treat them in an equal manner as the term criminal groups them as one. Secondly, white collar criminals in many occurrences are the ones who fund the street criminals and organize the street criminal groups. White collar criminals may be, to a certain extent, even more dangerous than street criminals. This is because one occurrence of deception or extortion could wipe out a company and devastate families by devouring their life savings; thus, white collar crime cannot be said to be without victims. White collar criminals dedicate their time and effort to commit economic scams just the same as street criminals dedicate theirs for their misdeeds, so both should be dealt with equally. This is so as to put in place stringent measures that will discourage people from engaging in white collar crimes. Treating white collar criminals any different may be precedent in encouraging people to engage in white collar crimes, after all, there is better treatment set aside for whi te collar crimes. Question 3 To a certain extent, the subculture of violence theory can explain high homicide rates in the South and to another extent it may not. The theory purports that, in big communities, people may develop attitudes and values that entice them to violence and acts of crime (Seifert and Kohl, 2011). The theory has an effect on adolescents because if it is understood, it could prevent them from turning into criminals in their adulthood. Surroundings may influence a person into turning to criminal acts, but everyone also has the right of choice. As much as criminal environments and circumstances influence people into crime, these places have also produced responsible people who flourish in life without committing acts of crime. Question 4

Jazz experimentalists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jazz experimentalists - Essay Example On a track called ‘Blue Eyes’, Bradford and his accompanying band expertly meld individual instrumental artistry with warm and lush melodies to create an inviting, yet wholly unique jazz experience. The track features Douglas Bradford on guitar, Chris Ward on tenor saxophone, Peter Schwebs on bass, and Luc Decker on drums, and starts with Bradford’s skilled virtuosity on the guitar. Shortly, afterward Chris Ward joins in on tenor and offers a nice counterpoint to Bradford’s syncopation. While Bradford displays his considerable skill on the guitar, his sound never loses touch with the audience and is always underlined by a soothing melodic element. Perhaps was greatest about the band’s sound is the seamless transitions they exhibit. Bradford’s guitar playing gives way to Ward’s saxophone and rather than sounding forced, the quick pause shows the band makes excellent use of the in-between times and silences. Ward’s saxophone is part John Coltrane part Miles Davis. As he weaves in and out of skilled improvisations, and contemplative ballads, it’s almost as if he is serenading the listener` at midnight. The band’s sound is sure to never fall into a lull however, and just as the listener begins to fall into a trance, they are quickly punctured by an off-setting pitch, or sharp burst of melody. While the percussion is never overly obtrusive, neither does it merely keep pace. The nature of the band’s sound is such that stylistic flourishes occur, in however a subtle fashion. This is perhaps the most accurate way to categorize their drums. At times they rely on stark minimalism to seduce the listener into the sinuous sonic journey, and at other times they are capable of stylistic flourishes that leave the listener calling for a long extended drum solo. In all they stand as virtuously proud as any other component of the band’s sound. While the individual features of Bradford’s sound are too be recognized for their excellence, it’s

Drug and Alcohol abuse among teens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Drug and Alcohol abuse among teens - Essay Example As at the year 2009, 11.98% of teens in Nevada abused tobacco products as compared to average U.S.’s 11.52%. It had no significant statistical difference in the county-level rates of tobacco addiction and abuse. While the average U.S. alcohol abuse among teens was at 14.66% in 2009, the percentage of teens affected in Nevada remained at 15.15%. This was, however, after a decrease from 17.67% and 18.40% in 2003 respectively. The rate of alcohol abuse reduced by 3.01 percent, nationally, and 3.25 percent, in Nevada.In 2009, illicit drug use among teens in Nevada was 12.57% of the total compared to 9.65% for the total U.S. teen population. The use of marijuana among teens in Nevada was also slightly higher than that of national statistics at 16.4% versus 13.28% respectively. Rates of drug-induced deaths are higher than the national averages in the state of Nevada at 20.1% versus 12.7% deaths per 100, 0000 teens. From the statistics, it is evident that Nevada’s statistics a re higher than the national statistics. Virtually all the comparisons in abuse and impacts trends portray Nevada’s statistics as being way above the national tally.Relationship between Cognitive abilities and Rational BehaviorWhile increased cognitive abilities may enhance once ability to reason and differentiate between good and bad, the development may not necessary deter them from being involved in irresponsible behavior. Drug and alcohol abuse is usually associated with a slow progressive addiction.

The Usefulness of Cognitive Theories of Learning for Human Resource Essay

The Usefulness of Cognitive Theories of Learning for Human Resource Practitioner - Essay Example The paper tells that nowadays, senior managers tend to invest more money, time, and thought in the learning of their employees, and consider learning and development a strategic HR function Thus, it would be important to comprehend how and why learning takes place. Theories of workplace learning are placed into three main categories; these are psychological, socio-cultural and postmodern theories. Each view has different focus and contribution to different contexts. Various cognitive theories have been put forward including the Piaget developmental stage theory, the Bandura social cognitive theory, and Vysotsky and the Zone of proximal development. All these have a contribution to the development of employees and have been implemented at different levels. Cognitive theories of learning have enhanced employee productivity and effectiveness in most of the areas that they have been applied. Learning is a very important aspect of both individuals as well as organizational development. Le arning is a wide concept that has attracted several definitions from different individuals in different contexts. According to Wilson, learning is the process whereby knowledge, attitude or behavior is changed as a result of formal training and development, or transformation of informal experiences. Many assumptions have been proposed over the years to explain different cognitive approaches. The theories of three outstanding cognitive theorists including Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bandura explain some of the cognitive aspects that are very important when it comes to influencing the workforce in an organization. The development of a person has been a subject of intensive research by psychologists all across the world. One of the outstanding theories in this area is the Piaget developmental stage theory that helps us to understand behavioral development, especially at a young age. According to Piaget’s findings, there are four developmental stages that individuals go through, both o f which are relative to cognitive development. The first is the sensory-motor period in about the first two years when the child can only focus on physical interactions with their immediate environment. Next is the preoperational period from two to seven years old. During this stage, the child develops language skills and is able to think symbolically though still cannot think completely logical and empathetically. The period from seven to eleven years old is called concrete operational stage when the child becomes more rational to solve a simple problem and develops logical thought. The formal operational stage from adolescence through adulthood was Piaget’s fourth stage of cognitive development in children. The child/ adult develop the ability to think theoretically and formulate hypotheses. This theory was immensely influential on education research and policy during the 20th century.

Should the Electoral College still be in place Essay

Should the Electoral College still be in place - Essay Example This particular thesis would look back through history for examples where the electoral system on current values have failed to provide a decision based on the unanimous most popular votes achieved and hence appoint office a candidate who significantly does not hold the peoples ideology in running the country. Lastly we would succumb to the fact that prior to twentieth century the electoral system of electing the president was made by people who were the pioneers of their time and society while keeping in mind the common educational awareness in a single voter and how this method would cancel dysfunctional voting which may not be in the best interest of the United States. For matters concerning the voting system upheld by the Electoral College, there have been, for the past two centuries, excessive debates that primarily highlight the loop holes associated with this form of presidential selection. Firstly before jumping in to the jargon of as to why the Electoral College of president ial elections deems a misfit in current society we would on first note take up to the fact that what practically is the Electoral system of voting that we all so often refer to. On theoretical counts the Electoral College system of voting to claim a new head of the state is a method in which electors from every state cast their votes on potential candidates that seek to become the next president so as such the electors hold the key of who becomes the new subsequent head of the state. ... The votes casted by the American citizens is only associated with the electors of their own state hence even though votes pertaining to a hundred percent favoring either the democrats or the republicans could only and fundamentally suffice for their own states electoral representatives(Glennon; Whittaker et al). The number of electoral reps that every state acquires is a directly proportional figure to the amount of people or residents residing in it and therefore the number of electoral reps in each state varies from one another. For instance Minnesota as being a relatively bigger state than Columbia has seven more electoral votes and hence stands to a 10 to 3 ratio in comparison. The total number of electoral votes situated is five hundred and thirty eight and hence to potentially win an election a candidate must receive more than or equal to two hundred and seventy uncontested votes and effectively claim a winning spot. The voting system in every state apart from Maine and Nebrask a has a winner take all methodology on casting electoral votes as such if in any state the democratic or republic party get the majority votes then automatically the other residing votes which may not be in favor of the winning party would also be effectively transferred to the votes of the winning electoral reps. This particular policy has a major drawback concerning the fact that even though a candidate may win the most popular vote of the country it may eventually lose at the mercy of the Electoral college system. Again for instance the nominee from the democratic or republic party gets electoral votes from the majority of states but loses to small margins in larger ones like California, New

URBAN GEOGRAPHY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

URBAN GEOGRAPHY - Essay Example According to Massey and Denton (1998) Geographical segregation can be described as spatial concentration of particular groups of population in separate areas. In simple terms, segregation means that certain groups of population get limited to different pockets of geographical areas. It can also be said that segregation is the level or extent to which particular groups reside separately from one another within the confines of a particular geographic area such as a city or state (Low, 2004). Segregation, in itself, is a complex phenomenon, where the groups are segregated in a number of ways. So, the spatial restriction of populations is based on a number of variables such as culture, income, ethnic origin, immigrant status or sexual orientation (Massey and Denton, 1998; Jackson, 1985). For example, people from a minority community are often overrepresented in some particular areas and underrepresented in some others (Yinger, 2001). In addition, a community may geographically restrict itself in way that its exposure to the other groups is minimized (Yinger, 2001). Johnston and Poulson add to Yingers theory by postulating that there are particular reasons because of which segregation takes place. These may range from legal restrictions as in the case of South Africa where Apartheid was in practice; to the social or economic status as in the case of rich people residing in the suburbs and the relatively poor residing in the downtown areas. However, the most prominent cause of segregation is found to be ethnicity or cultural background. This type of segregation can result from the emigrants’ need to find security in numbers which makes people from the same cultural or ethnic backgrounds to cluster together and segregate themselves from the rest of the society. Voluntary segregation is therefore where immigrants prefer to live in a

Hazardous Noise Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hazardous Noise Case Study - Essay Example The exposure period for the employees is 8 hours per day. The frequency of exposure and duration of exposure to the hazard is high. The TWA for noise for the employees was found to be between 88 Db(A) to 97 Db(A) which are above the recommended levels an indication of the severity of its consequences. 1. Elimination- This includes looking for ways of eliminating the hazard in order to reduce any risk occurrence. Elimination reduces risks exposures to acceptable levels. The original risk highly critical and frequent. 2. Warnings- This will involve the use of alerting and warning techniques and hazard warning labels. These control measures are lower order controls that reduce risk exposures to acceptable levels (Manuele, 2011). The original risk highly catastrophic and frequent. 3. Administrative controls- This will include the application of safeguards and installation of ventilation systems. Other administrative controls include training of the employees as well as safe working procedures. The original risk highly catastrophic and probable. 4. Personal protective equipment- It involves the incorporation of safety devices for use by the employees. This reduces risk exposures to the employees. The original risk highly catastrophic and probable. 5. Engineering controls- Engineering controls will include the use of safeguarding technology to safeguard the employees from any hazard (Manuele, 2011). The original risk highly catastrophic and occasional. 6. Substitution of less hazardous processes, materials, equipment or operation- Substituting hazardous processes or methods with less hazardous one is a control measure. This leads to a substitution of a risky and hazardous process with a less risky and hazardous one. Substitution leads to the attainment of a tolerable level of risk. The original risk highly catastrophic and frequent. The shop seems to be at a high risk exposure and

Statistics Case Study - Desalination Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statistics - Desalination - Case Study Example However, a key hindrance to this noble objective is the cost factor. This paper presents some of the basic assumptions leading to estimation of the $ cost per/m3 of the desalinated water the case of study being the City of Cambria which is situated on the central coast of California. Generally this definitive question lacks basic answers due to the fact that multiple factors are believed to influence the costs incurred in desalination of water. However, various assumptions assist in estimation of costs in this case. Firstly, it is assumed that the desalination process takes a typical approach as described in the diagram below; However, the processes do not form the cost centers with regard to the project at hand. The project cost drivers are rather classified differently in order to attain the estimated production cost. It is assumed that these cost drivers remain relatively the same irrespective of the project despite variance associated with other factors and hence amount to cost v ariations (Bauman 56). In the figure below are the cost categories assumed to affect the SWRO desalination project. It is assumed that that horizontal and slant wells which are comparable to open intake will be used. Although, they have typically higher costs, they offer the longest-running history of installation as well as reliability supportive of development of a full scale desalination facility. Additionally, the costs relating to disposal of concentrate stream are site specific and as such the costs estimates provided are averages assumed to be effective (Digiano and Heime 1667). The costs also include the conveyance that links the desalination plant to the point of disposal. These are similarly highly variable as a result of the varied conveyance distance and terrain and hence constitute a large portion of the disposal costs. With regard to pre-treatment, there is a perceived dependence on the quality of feed water. For instance, an open ocean feed is expected to have much mo re levels of suspended materials and impurities as compared to well-sourced water. Typically, costs are expected to lie in the range of between US$ 0.5MM to US$ 1.5MM per MGD (Digiano and Heime 1667). Costs are also affected with the feed water temperature, cleanliness of the source water, as well as the ambient salinity fluctuations. For instance, when the SWRO facility planned for the Northern part may treat seawater that averagely measures 10 degrees colder as compared to a SWRO facility located to the Southern part; there would be a rise in feed pressure by between 10 and 15% for an equivalent production value to be attained. Throughput capacity of a facility for desalination has an effect on the size as well as the number of equipment required, in addition to the space required to locate a treatment plant. The cost of situating a facility closer to the point from where it is made use of as well as a suitable power source needs to be weighed against intake/discharge pipeline eas ements, costs of transmission line, construction materials, permits issued, labor used, as well as maintenance costs .linked to intake/discharge or distribution service location (Gumerman and Hasen 34). Based on material cost online, it is estimated that a 20-mile distribution system that delivers 50 MGD would result into an increase of between 15 to 30% of the entire cost of project capital as compared to a 2-mile pipeline (Gumerman and Hasen 35). Permitting as well as regulatory issues also impact on the cost of the project in entirety. This often

Role as an English Teacher Essay Example for Free

Role as an English Teacher Essay Analyzing Ryan’s love for reading and writing, it can be understood that his literature and reading analysis work in Year 6 and Year 7 was not only non stimulating but also quite below the standard of the works that Ryan could produce on his own with out any help from his teachers and parents. There are several types of activities that are performed during class in order to build the students’ love for literature and allow them to go through several texts, both fictional and non-fictional, in order to build their character and minds. Some of these activities involve RIBIT (Read in Bed, its Terrific) activity, where six categories of books have been formed and the student can choose any book from each category, to read and then fill prescribed activity sheets accordingly. Other activities include Miscue Analysis which involved prior reading and then retelling of the same story, writing, copying and similar other activities to build the students’ reading and writing habits. However, it is quite understandable to note that some students have a better caliber and grasp of reading and literature than others since each student has a different psyche and all activities may not be liked or understood by all students. Some students may be better at following all the activities and performing just as prescribed as they would not like to deviate from the prescribed pattern. On the other hand, other students show more caliber towards being flexible and would like varying and different texts and literature to read and evaluate. Ryan is one such example in this class as he would like to be more flexible in his reading and read different texts and literatures rather than the prescribed ones. There are a few reasons for this deviation. One of the primary reasons for this deviation from the prescribed syllabus is his love for reading as he has been reading and writing for the past few years. Secondly, Ryan has a different mind frame from other students in his class in which case his likes and dislikes in reading are also different. Basically, he would like to read on his own than have a set routine and pattern through which as an English Teacher, I would route his towards reading. Therefore, his readings in class bore him and his mind is distracted. It can be understood as to why his behavior has been shifting from reading and writing towards making more friends and creating distractions in class. His basic aim in Year 6 was to read and write pieces of fiction and non fiction. However, in Year 7, there is hardly any time after completing all homework, for reading and writing that he previously used to enjoy. In this case, his reading and writing got affected and he would get bored by the readings prescribed in the English Syllabus as well, which leaves him distracted and a bit disturbed since his hobby and love for reading and writing is not getting fulfilled. Therefore, in my opinion, he shifted towards creating mischief in class, and began to make more friends amongst his class and school mates, which is the time that he used to spend in brushing up his writing skills in fiction and non-fiction. During class, in both Year 6 and Year 7, writing was a generalized activity which involved few things like Copying, Question/Answer Activities, Fill-in-the-Gap Activities and Labeling. For a person like Ryan, these activities hold little meaning in English Language and Literature since he has been far ahead in his reading and Literature than his friends due to his self-motivation and read and write. In this case, the activities done in class hold less value, and coupled with exceptional amounts of homework given to children in the years, it actually has become distracting for Ryan to actually study and complete any substantial readings of his own. Ryan’s transition from primary to secondary had been a time of difficulty due to the several reasons which are highlighted above, if his and other students’ input had been taken in this regard, to understand and evaluate what they would like to read and study during the year, it would have become far more easier for Ryan, and other students to cope with activities and studies during Year 7.

Food Industry Is A Continuously On Demand Industry Marketing Essay

Food Industry Is A Continuously On Demand Industry Marketing Essay Introduction Food industry is a continuously on demand industry that people are always need and want. Some economists and analysts claim that food industry is one of the most proof to economic slowdown. This makes this industry a resilient, reliable and profitable industry. The products and foods that are part of the booming industry includes, confectioneries, health products, biscuits, kids foods, animal foods, crackers, bakeries, cakes, vegetables etc. The wide range of products available offers ample of opportunities for business in this line, growth and progress in line with the advancement of technology and new channel of marketing. Definition of Strategic analysis This includes an implementation of strategy and approaches after taking into consideration various factors i.e. internal and external that directly and indirectly affects the company. Strategic analysis will analyze and assess various forms of strategy after considering the threats potential opportunities etc that the company could exploit in order to succeed and remain relevant to customers. A proper action and steps towards strategic decision and analysis will enable the company view all the potentials and weaknesses within the company and therefore will ensure the positive move in the future. The PEST analysis A PEST analysis is a business measurement tool that assesses and analyzes the factors of. Political, Economic, Social and Technological which then translated to the proper implementation of strategic decisions prior the results of PEST analysis. Factors affecting the Food Industry (PEST Analysis) 1) Political factors Political factors are the factors that include government intervention and barriers in terms of tax/tariff that could benefits the citizen or the government. Apart form that, it also includes the policy and systems that government adopt in regards of business friendly particularly in food industry. The likes of importing policy, regulation and procedures, policy of taking over, merger and acquisition that could affect the constant supply of foods to the country etc are part of political factors. 2) Economic factors Economic factors include stability, income parity, income status, purchasing powers, exchange rate, unemployment rates, interest rates etc. This will certainly affect the decision and actions taken by the company economically. As food is part of necessity and demand by people around the world, as every needs food to survive and living, we could say the industry is not much sensitive on the economic change and volatility. 3) Social factors Social factors include the trends and patterns of demands which due to the cultures, nationality, religious etc. Brand awareness on a country might differ with each others, income distribution, age, demographic, preferences, local and global attitudes towards certain things are different. As for food industry, its known that local preferences will determine the acceptance of food products. The local taste and likes must be met and this will require the business and companies to understand the local market before embarking into the local ones. 4) Technological factors Technological factors really affect the production and effectiveness of the plant and operation. As for the food industry we are seeing the advancement and improvement in terms of technology employed in food industry that as a result improve the yield, making it more efficient and reliable. Product innovation and improvement is also produced with the help of new technology, systems or techniques, This will then help the companies to produce high quality and better food products in terms of taste, health ingredients, safety etc. SWOT analysis. SWOT is analysis of all the possible factors of strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. As PEST are just a tool that addresses the external factors that potentially affect the business, the SWOT seems will give better result and pictures of how the company should react with the business environments and settings that include internal and external factors. The SWOT analysis of Krafts Food industry (the company under study) is performed after analyzing the factors both form external and internal. 1) Strengths 1. Large Market Share In terms of market share, Krafts Food has been in forefront leader in the cheese and biscuits segments. There are the worlds second largest food manufacturer behind nestle in the world but leader in certain part of the world including Northern America and Canada. The fact that have captured quite substantial portion of market share is because the aggressive mergers and acquisition that had taken place for many years since Krafts early inception years. The mergers and acquisition have made a bigger company and able to capture their rivals customer and market. 2. Brand loyalty The current Krafts brands include: Balance Bar, Oreo, Jell-O, Maxwell House, Mikado, Nabisco, Tang, Oscar Mayer, Twist, Snack Wells etc. 3. New technology As for Krafts Food, they have the new technology as they invented quite new products and taste with the help of technology. Plus they acquired many firms with already have technology in place. This could give them a competitive advantage over their competitors. 2) Weaknesses 1. Lack of Marketing Strategy and Launching New Products It is seen that Krafts Food is having difficulty in launching and producing new products and foods. Due to the fact that they have been expanding by the mode of acquiring and merging with other established companies, therefore their variety of new products are very limited. 2. Declining Sales and Demand from Europe and Western Part Krafts Food is now experiencing a decline demand and sales in western part as well as European countries. The competition with other rivals and the leading food manufacturer Nestle is very stiff, as European are more opt to prefer Nestle rather than Kraft in that region. They also face heavy competition in chocolate and baking powder manufacturer, as many big companies in Europe such as chocolates manufacturer from Switzerland, premium brands from Belgium and United Kingdom are more established than Cadbury of Krafts Food. 3) Opportunities 1. New categories, products (i.e., organic, health-focused) People are more concern on the health- focused products including foods. This is a very good opportunity for Krafts to embark in this lucrative segment as the potential fro growth is so huge. They could leverage on the existing plant that they have and enhance their R n D in that particular segment or even joint venture with other related health focused products. 2. International markets Krafts Food involved in international business and they have many plants that operates in various parts of the worlds. They could use this opportunity to expand in that particular region and surround to increase market share and capture the new untapped market surround the region. 3. Operates in many fast growing categories The company (Krafts Food) is offering various products of foods from many categories such ranging from biscuits, health focus products, animal foods, cheesy based foods, crackers, bread and cakes, floor, chocolates , drinks, etc. That will enable them to compete in diverse categories apart from lowering the risk of concentrating in just few products of foods. 4) Threats 1. Competition Stiff competition in food industry in global scale since they are operating in international arena. They operates in many parts of the world and have to compete with the local manufacturers as well. Some of them are really capable of offering products that meet local taste and preference. Example such as in Malaysia perspective where we see Jacobs of Malaysia or Julies Sdn Bhd competing with global brand of Krafts Food. They seem to understand more on the local preference than the global player in biscuits and cookies line of products. 2. Industry consolidation With the consolidation and mergers as well as acquisition exercised by other firms globally, Krafts Food is also feel the pressure to compete with such firms. The industry now becomes more constraint and tight in terms of number of players in the industry as well as market share among companies. 3. Volatile COGS over short run With the increasing cost of goods, every industry will be impacted and this will reflect the growth of the companies in the sector. In some ways, this could also resist and restraint the strategies and products differentiation, sales and marketing etc, of the companies in food industry. Definition of strategy formulation It is very crucial and essential for Krafts Managers and to form appropriate and effective strategies in order to sustain and survive in the long run. Especially in the global issues that impacting companies in the world, management team of Krafts should think of strategies and approach to tackle those issues as well as external and internal factors of Krafts companies. 1) Krafts Marketing Strategy Some of the very strategic decision in their marketing strategies, is that the company sponsored the Kraft Musical Revue, a two-hour musical variety show. Their international operation is supported by a policy that focuses on local tastes of foreign consumers. Kraft was a major supplier during World War II. They also enhanced the collaboration and joint efforts with government of US. This somehow create and indirect promotion and establishing their name in domestic as well as international arena. 2) Differentiation strategy Emerging markets: Growth in the confectionary market will largely take place in emerging markets. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Natural: Consumer demand for products that are free from artificial colors, flavors and additives and concern over the long term effects of artificial ingredients has driven growth in the confectionary industry. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Heritage and provenance: For chocolate manufacturers a key growth opportunity is for premiumization through either high quality country of origin (or even single estate) ingredients or by focusing on the quality of production methods. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Healthy and functional confectionery: Health continues to be a key innovation opportunity for confectionery managers in line with an ageing population and an obesity epidemic. Even if retailers develop the operational capabilities to manufacture and sell chocolate and gum based on these issues, they may not be perceived to have the brand credibility that are owned by more established confectionary manufacturers. A potential acquisition of this magnitude during a sluggish economic recovery implies Krafts commitment to grow its extend its brand in growing global markets while evaluating other products in its brand architecture. They also increased their investments into key consumer trends in quick meals, health and wellness, snacking and premium products. These has reinforced the brand and presence of Krafts Food in the market they are operating in. With the Kraft innovation and new technology they have been successfully implementing an invention or creative idea that creates value to consumers. Krafts have been able to constantly adapt and anticipate their needs. With the help of innovation, they create new product platform as well as improving their product features. This applies to products, processes, packaging, ingredients, and more. It is well supported by various Kraft business units such as RD, consumer comments and feedback and public relations, etc. Kraft has its own strong Research, Development Quality team of who all have a important role in innovating and producing the new Kraft. They are continuously develops new products that broaden range of products and compete in new categories. For example, Bagel fuls, the first all in one bagel and Philadelphia cream cheese. 3) Focus strategy Kraft also introduced many of its products in foreign markets. The company name changed in 1976 to Kraft Inc. to enhance the companys focus on food processing and to more emphasizing with the internationally known Kraft trademark. Reorganization accompanied the name change the move toward a more centralized structure was formed by dividing the company into divisions according to specific markets or products. What is Corporate Level Strategy? Corporate strategy is a strategy that determines what businesses a company is in, should be in, or wants to be in, and what it wants to do with those businesses. Its based on the mission and goals of the organization and the roles that each business unit of the organization will play. The acquisition of Cadbury has significantly enhanced the strength of Kraft Foods in the confectionery sector enables Kraft Foods to take advantage of Cadburys product development capabilities. They believe that confectionery markets are consolidating and it is very important for Krafts to control of the supply chain and growing portfolio of their own retailer brands. In addition, they could also experience the increasing expansion of markets such as Brazil, China, and Russia as well as other parts of the new emerging markets such as India and Mexico. Global collaboration of Krafts Food In line with its sustainability strategy, Kraft Foods has selected six key areas in which it feels it can have the greatest impact. These are transportation/distribution, agricultural commodities, energy, water, waste, and packaging. They have formed various collaboration and joint ventures with their distributors, retailers, packagers, outsourcers and business partners to improve the efficiencies and effectiveness of these areas. In line with this effort, Kraft had reached an agreement to acquire Groupe Danones global biscuit business, snacks, cookies and crackers manufacturers. In competing at European biscuits portfolio, they (Kraft) had gone through the acquisition of brands like LU, Tuc, and Prince. As a result, Kraft also expanding and strengthening their footholds in China and other emerging markets as Malaysia and Indonesia They also hire the capable and good managers and directors in the emerging markets to oversee the operation and management. They are able to react faster to market changes and improving the revenues, operating income and cash flow. Brand Strategy of Krafts Food In todays very dynamics and complex business environment, the importance of brand and its reinforcement is one of the key areas of focus. The much bigger North Asian markets such as Japan also shows that long term significant further growth is potentially high. One example is to take a global concept and adapt it locally with consumers. For example, Oreo Krafts hot selling cookie in the US, and being produced less sweet to match consumers in China. Transform it into wafers and rolls to further connect with the way they eat their snacks. Oreo is now the no.1 biscuit brand in China and China is the no.2 Oreo market in the world after the US. Customers and stakeholders have evolved in respective to their needs and demands. In Asia, consumers are inclined towards having enough vitamins and minerals, and Krafts answers that by offering products that meet these needs. Tang Fruitrition is full with vitamins A, B, C and calcium. While in the US, where there is a high concern on obesity, Kraf ts offers and selling Sensible Solution products that features 100 calorie snacks (such as cookies and bars, puddings and crackers) to help people eat less with smaller portions, LiveActive cheese which popular of its s digestive health, and South Beach Living meals and snacks that are more like balanced diet meals with very great taste. Kraft wants to survive and expanding their presence in a positive way. With Kraft Foods being one of the largest food and beverage companies in the world, they need to understand such varied consumer preferences. Their portfolio is established to meet those needs, from snacks and premium foods, to convenience and health and wellness. As for countries like China, Russia, Brazil and ASEAN countries being biggest international markets for Kraft. They have created many products that are tailored to the needs of locals in order to please the customers and able to sustain successfully until today. As part of branding strategy of Krafts they will continue enhancing and strengthening the products line, quality and high taste of Krafts Food products that differentiate them with their rivals and competitors. Conclusion Kraft vision is always to make today delicious. They make some of the best-known brands around the globe. Brands like Kraft cheeses, dinners and dressings; Oscar Mayer meats; Philadelphia cream cheese; Maxwell House coffee; Nabisco cookies and crackers and its Oreo brand; Jacobs coffees; Milka chocolates; and LU biscuits. They managed to creating reliable, consistent growth. Thats what theyre doing at Kraft, and their strategies are focusing efforts on build a high-performing organization, reframe segment/ categories, exploit sales capabilities (by merging or acquisition etc) and drive down costs without compromising quality. As they have sustained for many years and continued progress and growth, it is an icon of strategic management organization. They have made wise decision in their sales and marketing strategies, policy on globalization, organization structure, channel distribution, strategic management, human resources etc that enable to gain competitive advantages over their ri vals. They are well ahead over their competitors in terms of market share, acceptance, product innovation, revenue, etc due to the fact that Kraft Food really understand factors and matters to sustain and excel in food industry and supported by strong business acumen and entrepreneurial spirit of Kraft organization. Sources of references Campbell D., Stonehouse G., Houston B., 2007, Business Strategy second edition Needle D., 2000., Business in Context An introduction to business and its environment, Thomson Learning, 3rd edition, London Jeffrey S., Caron H., 2008, 2004., Foundations in Strategic Management., Thomson Learning, USA Henry A., 2008., Understanding Strategic Management., Oxford University Press Inc., New York Tae Gu Lee., 2003., Business and Management., Muyokpub., Korea Woo Jung Kim.,2007.,Automotive Industry Strategy.,Suhakpub., Korea Jeffrey S., 2003., Strategic Management of Resources And Relationships; Concepts and cases., John Wiley Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York 22.11.2005., Doubts remain over GM., retrieved on 29.04,2009 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4461168.stm Retrieved on 29.04,2009 from http://www.gm.com/vehicles/services/ Retrieved on 29.04,2009 from http://www.greencar.com/articles/chevrolet-silverado-mild-hybrid-pickup-offers-fuel-savings.php Retrieved on 29.04,2009 from http://cafe.daum.net/sewn/HKXp/61?docid=qV81|HKXp|61|20090227121252q=Strategy%20innovationsrchid=CCBqV81|HKXp|61|20090227121252 HaSong.http://www.globalinsight.com/Scripts/registrationForm.cfm?ID=5gclid=CKCZhdLn5pkCFZUvpAodnFAzQg http://blog.daum.net/e-monde/8840409 http://blog.daum.net/ilsan1004/17235465?srchid=BR1http%3A%2F%2Fblog.daum.net%2Filsan1004%2F17235465 Ji Hyun Cho., 10.03.2009., In future GM.,retrieved on 29.03.2009., From http://bbs2.agora.media.daum.net/gaia/do/kin/read?bbsId=K150articleId=524234 Retrieved on 25.04.2009 from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3913/is_200403/ai_n9404349/ www.daum.net/Kiasarang Retrieved on 25.04.2009 from http://www.cutter.com/research/2004/edge040302.html Retrieved on 29.04,2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership Retrieved on 30.04,2009 from http://www.wxyz.com/news/local/story/UPDATED-New-Leadership-at-GM/FdKJNIzyPE-48KPOWbikcQ.cspx

Analysis of learning theories

Analysis of learning theories Education is very dynamic, and new initiatives, focuses and theories are constantly being introduced with the collective aim of enhancing both teaching and learning. The foundations of most educational theories appear to be behaviourism and subsequently constructivism according to Woollard (2010). As a result, this assignment will focus primarily on these two learning theories. I aim to compare and contrast behaviourism and constructivism with regards to their impact on teaching and learning. Focusing on three areas of the curriculum, I shall also consider how both behaviourist and constructivist approaches are applied and consequently the impact on an individual childs learning. Throughout the assignment I will make considerations for my own teaching and conclude with the implications on my personal philosophy. During my time in school I have had the opportunity to observe a teacher in year two and as a result I was able to analyse theory being put into practice. The individual child I have chosen to focus on is aged six and is in year two. For anonymity purposes I shall refer to the child as Child A throughout this assignment. Child A is not recognised as having special educational needs (SEN), but she is currently working at a level 1b which is considered to be below expectations by two sub levels in all core subjects (National Curriculum n.d., online). Taylor and Mackenney (2008) explain how several theorists have contributed to behaviourism, which have influenced teaching and learning in classrooms today. According to Taylor and Mackenney (2008), Skinner and Pavlov are the major contributors to behaviourism, therefore due to restricted word count, this assignment will focus on their work with regards to behaviourism. Davis and Sumara (2006, p.113) state that the work of Piaget is acknowledged as the major influence on constructivism and in turn is prominent within contemporary discussions of curriculum and pedagogy research. This assignment will focus primarily on Piagets stage theory of development. The stage theory of maturational development offers a universal process for learning, however, similar to the behaviourist view that a law of learning can be provided, it may be too over simplistic (Sigelman and Rider 2011). Bruner (1960) questioned whether the stage theory is realistic. He suggested intellectual growth must take natural ways of thought into account. Similar to Piaget, Bruner developed stages of learning and intellectual growth, however, Bruner does not believe that the stages represent different and separate modes of thought at different points of development Bruner (2003). According to Bruner (1961), learning can be achieved at any stage of development if concepts are taught at a simple level initially and revisited with a higher degree of complexity at another time. Gardner (1992) argued against the stage theory of learning as he claimed that cognitive skills develop at different and unrelated speeds (Gardner 1992, cited in Cohen 2012, p.48). This is also supported by McInerney and McInerney (2009) as they believe that although learning does appear to develop through stages, cognitive development does not progress in the neat stages originally suggested by Piaget. Piaget did however state that although all children develop through each stage in the same sequence, they do not all develop at the same pace (Nairne 2010, p.113). Gardner (1992) further questioned Piagets theory, as like Bruner, he believes earlier aspects of learning and ways of thinking are used throughout all stages of development and can be used to support learning in new areas (Gardner 1992, cited in Pound 2006). Skinner argues children cannot be taught skills they do not naturally posses, this aspect of development is similar to that of Piagets theory of readiness as both theories imply that before learning can be achieved, the child must be at the appropriate stage of maturation (Elkind 2011, online). Davenport (2002) stated that children are capable of thinking in more advanced ways before the age of seven as Piaget believed. Piagets experiments have been questioned by more recent researchers as I shall discuss. It has been put forward that Piaget may have presented tasks in particular ways in order to get specific results. When aged four to seven year old children were asked direct questions opposed to open ended questions, their responses were less artificial (Meltzoff 2007). This could have therefore mislead children and subsequently lead to underestimating childrens level of understanding and sophistication. In turn, questioning whether developmental stages undervalue the extent to which children constantly change as they are growing up. Thus again questioning the simplicity of Piagets theory. Culture and individual differences appear to be irrelevant in Piagets theory of learning, as he believed all children are equipped to learn and develop through the same stages (Snowman et al. 2011, p.70). This was criticised by Cole (2006) as he emphasised the role of society on learning and stated that children who live in traditional societies are more attentive to adults and therefore likely to develop a more observational approach to learning, whereas children from a less traditional society, are more likely to learn through verbal instruction. He evidenced his theory by conducting an experiment involving aged 6 to ten year old children and found his results were consistent with his theory. All children can learn and succeed, but not on the same day in the same way supports this theory (Spady 1994, p.9). According to Wood (2012), Behaviourists assume that behaviour is entirely controlled by the environment and prior learning. This theory is very much on the nurture side of the nature nurture debate and as a result many experiments, the majority of which involving animals, have been carried out. The use of animals in behaviourist experiments is criticised by Robins (2012, p.36) for suggesting that animals and humans learn in the same way. Bjorklund (2011) described how humans are complex and behaviour changes of animals are instinctive, whereas human behavioural changes are due to learning. He also argues that humans are separate from animals as we are the only species with powerful intellect. The way in which we think and the technological and cultural innovations afforded by our intelligence set us apart from animals (Bjorklund 2011). The Stimulus Response theory was an attempt to discover general laws of learning (Wood, 2012). Piaget studied children and not animals, however Seltman and Seltman (2006) criticised Piagets research methods, as his theory of how babies develop was almost wholly based on his own children. This could suggest that his research samples were limited and therefore weakening validity (Robins 2012). The argument by behaviourists that behaviours are dependent upon prior learning and the environment implies that people have little or no control over their own actions Engler (2008, p.226). Popovic (2008) believes behaviourism offers no explanation for, and does not consider the possibility of behaviours being a result of mental events such as beliefs. Popovic (2008 p.87) also points out that if this was true of all learning, then we are unable to have any beliefs that we have not previously acted upon or verbally expressed, going against all sense of logic. Pastorino and Doyle-Portillo (2011, p.207) argued that Behaviourism is ignorant of the mental process, and disregards the activities of the mind, as only measureable and objective behaviours are regarded as learning. Put simply, if no explicit change in behaviours take place, then no learning has occurred. This strongly suggesting only quantifiable displays of knowledge are valid and any mental process is meaningless (Mingers 2006, p.11). Although in general, a change in behaviour is a result of learning, it may not always necessarily be the case (Lefrancois, 2006). Lefrancois (2006) offers an explanation as he describes how losing a hand modifies behaviour and states that the loss itself is not learning. He believes a person may learn to compensate for the loss of their hand by learning new skills, therefore changes in behaviours does not necessarily result in improved learning. One must question how children are able to solve problems without the trial and error method deemed essential by behaviourists, as Bandura (1977) suggests that observational learning and mental processes both contribute to development, as children learn by imitating behaviours and noting mentally the possible consequences of their own behaviours. Behaviourists believe that the teacher is responsible for all learning and as a result are in charge'(Huerta 2007, p.36). It may be argued that children will not be encouraged to work and learn independently, and creatively, therefore individuality and discovery will be nonexistent (Overall, 2007). Denby (2012, P.136) supports this by claiming that children are passive learners and purely learn what they are fed by the teacher. Palmer (2001) explains that simply teaching is not sufficient learning and supports her argument by stating Einsteins teachers did not teach him that e=mc ² (Palmer 2001, p.41). This thought provoking quote supports the need of discovery and independent learning. Palmer suggests purely acquiring knowledge which is taught and from prior experience, is not true learning. Piaget (1972), was also opposed to this theory as he suggested that teaching should not place emphasis on the passing on of knowledge and that children learn by discovery as they are naturally curious and well motivated to learn (Piaget 1972, cited in Kail and Cavanaugh 2012, p.124). He also believed that children should respond to their own curiosity and that education is making creators and not just resembling another adult (Piaget 1972, cited in Davenport 2002). As previously mentioned I have observed three separate lessons in year two and have been able to witness theory being put into practice. These lessons included Mathematics, Literacy and Science. Each lesson followed the same structure in which they began with a clear lesson objective and steps to success, with all the children on the carpet, developing on to the task and concluding with a plenary. The children appeared to be familiar with the structure of the lessons and due to the lesson objective and success steps, were aware of what they could expect from the lesson and in turn what was expected of them. Most children can learn curricular skills when the concepts are broken down into little steps and in the classroom a clear Learning Objective and Success steps would achieve this (Slavin 2000). This suggests that the childrens abilities to complete a learning objective gives a clear indication of what children do and do not know (Deiner 2009, p.121). This lesson structure appeared to be a behaviouristic approach to teaching as the lesson was broken down into small steps, however it may be criticised for discouraging spontaneity and not allowing for individuality if all the children are required to follow the same sequence (Curzon 2004, p.157). Some teachers do not care for the child who gives answers which do not comply with predetermined correct answers, which could be seen as inhibiting learning and development and promoting conformity (Sarsani 2005). A quantity of children are unable to work in an unstructured environment as they are reliant on consistency and the continuity and structure allow children to feel safe and secure (Tassoni 2002, p.238), which is, according to Maslow (1970), a basic need in order to learn effectively. During the literacy lesson of which I observed, the teacher read a story to the whole class on the carpet and afterwards dictated to the children the differences between thoughts and feelings. The teacher then asked the children to independently write down examples of thoughts and feelings offering a sticker for good examples. Although the children were being active, this appeared to be a behaviouristic approach as the children were told the information and worked alone with an extrinsic incentive. Child A failed to write any ideas on her board and as a result did not receive a sticker. The teacher may have interoperated this as Child A not understanding the task or having any ideas, when in fact, she may not have been confident in writing her suggestions or quick enough to complete the activity. Perhaps the children could have worked in pairs to discuss ideas and have the lower ability (LA) children paired with a more able child. If children have the opportunity to work with other children who are at a different cognitive level, they are likely to be encouraged by the more mature child, therefore advancing to higher understanding of the material (Wood 2008, online). As previously mentioned, the children were offered a sticker as a reward for completing their work. Kohan (1993) states that offering extrinsic rewards will reduce intrinsic motivation, which according to Piaget (1970) children are self motivated therefore extrinsic rewards are not necessary (Piaget 1970 cited in Groark and Eidelman 2011, p.40). Child A failed to complete the task and as a result she was upset because she did not receive a sticker. Slavin (2000) criticises offering rewards for completing work as it may lead to children only completing any task if a reward is given and suggests the emphasis should be on the process of learning and not the end product. Slavin (2000) continues to explain how the children may not always complete a task, but they have developed their knowledge and understanding through the process. I feel this is particular constructivist view of learning is very important for my own teaching practice, as it is important to recognise individual achievement which is likely to differ highly between children. Something which is taken for granted for one child, may be a big accomplishment for another. Following on from this, the children were then set tasks involving describing characters. Child A being in the LA group, was given a worksheet with a list of adjectives, in which she had to circle appropriate words to describe her chosen character. This was with adult support, who read out all the words and child A circled the ones she deemed appropriate. This appeared to be a constructivist approach as the adult could be said to be acting as a facilitator, however if the adult had asked Child A to attempt to read each word, rather than doing it for her, she may have improved her decoding and blending skills as well as highlighting knowledge and areas for development. The fact that Child A had to circle adjectives which were already provided on a worksheet, was perhaps not the most effective way of developing understanding, as Child A chose both evil and kind to describe the same character. This task does not necessarily demonstrate understanding. A behaviourist may argue that because Child A has circled many appropriate adjectives, she has displayed learning, when in fact she has chosen words at random or words she is familiar with. This activity could have also been made more active for the children by allowing them to study pictures and props and having to produce adjectives themselves following manipulation and assessment. As a result, a more accurate demonstration of understanding could be produced. Piaget believed children learn for themselves rather than being taught, and therefore construction is superior to instruction (Santrock 2001). Child A may be missing out on this opportunity and according to her maturational stage of development she should be focusing on physical reality and should teach herself through direct experiences (Smart 2011, p.95). The teacher could then follow on from this lesson by looking at the describing words the children came up with, and building on their prior knowledge to develop their skills by introducing alternate (more complex) adjectives and lead on to produce a descriptive sentence. Piaget believed children can build on existing knowledge in order to concrete knowledge (Brain and Mukherji 2005, p.77). The children then had a fifteen minute phonics lesson which included nonsense words. Child A struggled to decipher which words were real words which appeared to have a negative impact on her self esteem as Clark (2012, online) suggests that the latest phonics tests do more damage than good. He continues to criticise the nonsense word strategy by questioning whether it demonstrates the childrens abilities to decode words rather than their ability to understand words in context. The maths lesson I observed was the introduction of estimations and sorting. At the start of the lesson the children chanted the three times tables and Child A participated confidently. The teacher then asked individual children a times table at random and when asked, Child A was unable to give the correct answer. It may be possible that Child A had learned to regurgitate the times tables in sequence, but has not got any reasoning or logic. It may be criticised that Child A has not been allowed enough opportunities to develop a depth of understanding (Tassoni 2007). An article in TES magazine (Brettingham 2007, online) reported that the rote learning focus devised from the numeracy strategy resulted in an increase in number skills, but a decrease in problem-solving. This was also supported by an analytical report of the Rose review, as it states children need not only to learn what to study but also how to study (Baker 2009, online). More recently, school Minister Paton (2012) claimed that children will increase their confidence with their number knowledge if they learn times tables by heart and rote learning should become a fundamental part of primary education. Ward (2012, online) criticises this theory of learning as he states that lessons should focus on logic not solely arithmetic. He claims that by placing greater emphasis on children knowing pairs of numbers by the end of year two instead of year one, there is a danger of assuming the children is successful however having no sense of reasoning or calculation. Mathematics does however appear to be gearing towards rote learning as recent article in the NUT confirmed that the Government are proposing by 2014 and teaching will be more directed, with rote learning a key method of delivery (Anon. 2012, p.23). Following the mental starter children were then shown a meter stick and the teacher modelled how an estimation would be made of the board. A child was asked to stand next to the meter stick and the teacher asked the children to estimate how tall the child was. Child A gave the answer sixty meters. It could be criticised that estimation is too abstract for year two because at age six, Child A is considered to be in the pre-operational stage of development, suggesting that she should not be able to understand the concept of logic or abstract thinking Sigelman and Rider (2012). Perhaps this particular lesson or unit of work was not appropriate for Child A in relation to her developmental stage. Pollard (2012, p.18) states that teachers have to start from where pupils are in their learning. He also says the Government need to set the framework and let the teachers take control, suggesting that concepts will be more individualised to suit childrens abilities. Constructivists believe children need time to practice and master skill as Piaget stated that teachers should not try to speed up the learning process, as children can only learn at their biological maturation level and therefore understanding would be incomplete (Hill 2001). One must be concerned about the children who may not be ready to move on as well as the children who grasp a concept quickly as Slavin (2000), suggested children who learn quickly will receive less instruction than others, therefore they will be held back and have to wait for others to catch up and consequently the children do not learn as much as possible. Guskey (1982) said work should be highly individualised and differentiated and the learner should not wait for others to comprehend a concept. The final task in mathematics was sorting shapes by their properties to understand classification. Child A seemed to lack concentration and barely attempted the task. Perhaps the teacher could have chosen something to sort that was of interest and relevant to Child A so she would be self motivated as when a child is self motivated, they are more engaged and likely to further their own development (Hill 2001). Donaldson (1978) argues that children need meaningful context in order to learn and understand why they are completing particular tasks. During the science lesson the children worked in the same groups as Literacy and Mathematics, (ability groups). While grouping by abilities may be appropriate in mathematics due to wide varieties of skills and understanding, science is an opportunity for children to work in mixed abilities. Whitney and Dean (2005, p.32-33) suggest that ability groups can be damaging to self esteem and result in teachers having lower expectations of LA children. The teacher could be denying Child A the opportunity to develop and extend her knowledge as Whitney and Dean (2005, p.33) also state that less able children are often stimulated when working in mixed ability groups and the more able do not appear to suffer. One of the possible reasons for teachers not placing children in mixed ability groups could be the fear of being marked down by OFSTED inspectors claims Harris (2012, online). In this recent report by Harris (2012, online) Michael Wilshaw (2012) the head of OFSTED, claimed it is critical to have high quality mixed ability teaching, if a child with low abilities is placed next to Oxford potential. He describes the ability to teach an individualised curriculum as hugely difficult and due to a combination of low expectations and inadequate mixed ability teaching, the brightest children are failing (Wilshaw 2012, cited in Harris, 2012, online). Despite this, Smith (2006, online) argues that science education in junior schools could be transformed by mixed ability grouping pupils as children lean to be more independent and communicate better with each other(Smith 2006, online). As stated in the introduction, Child A is said to be underachieving in all core subjects. It may be fair to suggest that she has not been given the chance to develop in science and due to her below average literacy and mathematical skills, has been generalised to be underachieving in all core subjects and Eshach (2006) argues that although scientific concepts may be hard to grasp, it does not mean that children are unable to think abstractly about scientific concepts. The terms below average expectations and lower ability are used often in schools. One must raise the question as to what is deemed to be average in order to establish expectations. Egan (2012 p.98) suggests the stage of maturational development theory highly influences the expectations set by teachers and the Government, as the National Curriculum is broken down into Key Stages, and years groups are determined by ages rather than abilities. It is argued by Kincheloe (2005, p.22) that this works by a one size fits all rule, which could prove detrimental to those deemed to be below average. A report by The Department for Education (Richardson 2011, online) stated that children who are slow to develop in early primary stages fail to catch up to where they should be as they move through school. This may be supported by theories of how the brain develops as Taylor (2002, p.23) states that there can be no doubts that learning is dependent upon the speeds with which nerve messages move and are sorted within the brain therefore learning is restricted the maturity stage of a childs brain. Newberger (1997) argues that childhood is the optimum time to provide children with new knowledge as the brain continues to grow throughout childhood and due to its plasticity it can grow in response to new experiences. Through critically analysing both behaviourism and constructivism and observing applications of both theories within the classroom, I have reached the conclusion that in order to reach each child and maximise potential, approaches are used hand in hand. Despite its criticisms, behaviourism is still an important aspect of education (OHagan 2003, p.37). My researched has allowed me to consider my personal philosophy for teaching and pedagogy, and my observations have further enabled me to see the implications of learning theories and strategies on an individual childs development. Through distinguishing between practice which appears to work effectively and practice that may not, I recognise the importance of understanding the stage of development each child is at and how my teaching must reflect that as a result. I feel that having high expectations of all children, allowing children to discover, construct their own knowledge and express individuality is important, alongside encouraging individuals to share ideas and learn from one another in both ability and mixed ability groups. The most prominent aspect, which shall impact on my emerging educational philosophy as a result of all my research, is that all children are individuals and one approach to learning and teaching is not effective to ensuring children fulfil their potential.

Essay --

Tension between differing religions Christianity and Islam arose in the Jewish household of faith. The three religions are considered to be â€Å"Abrahamic Religions† a monotheistic faith tracing a common origin to Abraham. The three religions are undoubtedly tied to one another, through history they have been intertwined because all the religions have common figures in their holy scriptures. The three religions also emphasize the fact that there is only one G-d and all believe that G-d and humans have the ability to communicate with one another. These monotheistic religions have a lot in common, in many different aspects of their practices. However, there is great tension between the religions and some subtle differences that cannot go un-noticed. Jesus Christ could be an example. The Christian faith calls the Lord by the name of Jesus Christ. Christ, literally translates to ‘the messiah’ or 'the anointed one'. It is believed Jesus was born in Bethlehem in the year 5, to the virgin Mary and his father if the Lord himself. His adoptive father and Mary's husband was named Joseph. Jesus practiced Judaism and was said to have been a rabbi as well as a miracle worker. He could cure the sick, turn water into wine, reviving the dead and even executions. Jesus is believed to have said, â€Å"I desire mercy, not sacrifice. For I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance† (Matthew). Members of the Christian faith believe Jesus was crucified, and died for mankind's sins and ultimately a way to heaven and eternal life. (Only if you accept him as the Lord) Christ was said to have raised from the dead three days after his crucifixion, and ascending on to heaven. â€Å"For to this end Christ died and rose and lived again, that He mig ht b... ...ing and living only for the Lord, always working towards getting into Heaven. The Jewish people live for G-d's partnership with humanity, the concern people should have for one another and the unity of G-d. If you keep an open mind, and read all three of the holy scriptures, it is easy to see how we are intertwined and connected. The same G-d from the first word written in the Torah, is praised by the Christian people. But the tension and ignorance of the religions can cause barriers and often times is the root of hatred and war. Of course, the world is not yet united as one, and we do not see eye to eye. Peace cannot be globally achieved until this happens, and until every close minded person can wake up and realize we are either ruled by the same G-d or accept we are all ruled by a different G-d. But before acceptance, knowledge and contentment must be gained.

Inevitable Grief in Not Yet, Jayette :: Not Yet Jayette Essays

Inevitable Grief in Not Yet, Jayette In the short story "Not Yet, Jayette" by William Boyd, Charlie, the narrator and main character, describes a day in his life, and tries to understand, what is going on with him, and where and when his life took a turn towards misery. He states: "It seems to me that everybody in their life is at least two people. Once when you're a child, and once when you're an adult. It's the saddest thing." We will now try to see how this statement relates to his life, and whether or not this phenomenon can be said to be symptomatic for our culture. Charlie, the main character of the short story, spends his life in Los Angeles, mostly looking for famous people. He used to be a star himself, when he was a child, but this came to an end as soon as he reached puberty. Now he is trying to recover the glamour of his childhood, but it is infinitely lost to him. This leads him to the reflection mentioned above. I would argue, however, that he himself is not really changed. As a character, he appears never to have fully grown up. What has changed, is the attitude of the world towards him. His society, Hollywood, in the middle of the California of the American Dream, estimates youth above all, and maintains a "childish" attitude towards things. He himself, however, is excluded from the people he dreams of being with. He lives in a world of disillusionment, the wrong side of Hollywood, together with all those who have never succeeded. But he has somehow conserved a certain hopeful candour, which makes us pity him, as we know he should have no hope. This has however prevented him from sinking into the total despair of e.g. Vanessa, the woman he calls "aunt" . He keeps on dreaming about being famous, rich and young, and he views his own existence as a kid as something close to Paradise. As I have already mentioned, he does not cope with existence like an adult. He is not able to keep his work, his family has been broken to pieces, and yet, all he does is looking for the rich and famous, and dreaming about the return of his career. He is secretly proud that Jayette, the woman in the coffee-shop, has noticed him.

Disadvantages of television Essay

TV viewing takes away the time that your child needs to develop important skills like language, creativity, motor, and social skills. These skills are developed in the kids’ first two years (a critical time for brain development) through play, exploration, and conversation. A kid’s language skills, for example, do not improve by passively listening to the TV. It is developed by interacting with people, when talking and listening is used in the context of real life. TV viewing numbs your kid’s mind as it prevents your child from exercising initiative, being intellectually challenged, thinking analytically, and using his imagination. TV viewing takes away time from reading and improving reading skills through practice. Kids who watch a lot of TV have trouble paying attention to teachers because they are accustomed to the fast-paced visual stimulation on TV. Kids who watch TV more than they talk to their family have a difficult time adjusting from being visual learners to aural learners (learning by listening). They also have shorter attention spans. School kids who watch too much TV also tend to work less on their homework. When doing homework with TV on the background, kids tend to retain less skill and information. When they lose sleep because of TV, they become less alert during the day, and this results in poor school performance. TV exposes your kid to negative influences, and promotes negative behavior. TV shows and commercials usually show violence, alcohol, drug use and sex in a positive light. The mind of your kid is like clay. It forms early impressions on what it sees, and these early impressions determine how he sees the world and affect his grown-up behavior. For instance, children who are more exposed to media violence behave more aggressively as kids and when they are older. Kids who watch too much TV are usually overweight, according to the American Medical Association. Kids often snack on junk food while watching TV. They are also influenced by commercials to consume unhealthy food. Also, they are not running, jumping, or doing activities that burn calories and increase metabolism. Obese kids, unless they change their habits, tend to  be obese when they become adults. TV watching also affects a child’s health and athletic ability. The more television a child watches, even in the first years of life, the more likely he is to be obese and less muscularly fit, according to a study by the University of Montreal. Even though your kid does not aspire to be a football star, his athletic abilities are important not only for physical health, but predicting how physically active he will be as an adult. Television further restricts an individual indulging in alternative activities such as reading, sports, religion, and active hobbies. Televisions depiction of horror, crime and violence further anaesthetises an individual from the real life problem. As television competes with other activities and experiences in a child’s life, parents role in providing alternatives are crucial. Moreover their own attitudes and beliefs both about television programmes and about life in general are important determinants of children’s response to television. Television may be a socialising force but it interacts in complex ways with all of the other forces in a child’s life to determine the patterns of socialisation for that child.

Public Speaking †Sharing and the Future Essay

Heres a notion for you. What is the worlds superlative computer? Mac? PC? How some the huge mainframe computers they pose at Nasa? No. You trip up up present, in our heads. This is the superlative computer. And your look, I see you simmer down both have your eyes open, thats good. But do you have intercourse what you ar comprehend? I destine re entirelyy perceive. Every indorsement, every iodin second your eyes take in 72 gigabytes of information.The worlds great camera. straight is that not incredible? A computer and a camera. And this data, this autograph, is up here shadow the open firew each(prenominal) of our personality. 6 trillion neurons, evolved to understand, to translate, to dig us our vision of the world roughly us. The mountains, rivers, great Savannahs, every animal in all their incredible shapes and sizes Friends family, copers, the people approximately you now. Everything and everyone you have ever met are all up here. They are all stories, m emories aerated with sensation. Your happiness, your sadness, your joy, frustration your loves, your loves lost. And this collection of stories makes you. An ongoing depict that only comes to an end when we die. Your memories are your life. in a higher place all we have a inherited imperative, a unique desire, to deal.What makes us humans? Our sense of self and our ability to share who we are. Our greatest gift. Lets rewind a little. Cave paintings. scratch we paint to say I was here. past we paint to say why we are here, to pass on knowledge, experience. To build on what we know. For this is evolution sharing for survival. We share to a greater extent than and more, now we share our fiends, we share our front-runner on Youtube, our location, we share photos, maybe some ms even a drink. Every time we share we are reflecting our personality. Our selves. But this is normal. grounding changes the game. Always. 20,000 years ago. 1,000. 10 years.Tomorrow.It doesnt matter. stop page is a good thing. Whether it be a smile or a tattoo, the hollo in your pocket. Disruption and interference of all sorts, creates rifts and makes possible unimaginable leaps forward in technology and communication. Today we see a world on fire. On fire with data. With information. But there is a gyration around the corner, nothing less than the make sense translation of our human emotions, these urges into information. Pure communication. I believe we are at the frontier. onward lies the internet of us. An internet of pure emotion genuine connection. To finally take us beyond the cave painting.This is not experience fiction. Doctors can talk to people in comas, you can control a meet with your mind. This is now. A world of shared emotion. Where the greatest experiences are magnified, a million, a billion times. Can you imagine love? Now can you imagine a love that is a billion times more powerful? An empathy true feeling. A late future. A world that we will create, tho t he borders of language will be gone. conceive of what we would be able to achieve. The next generation of us is coming.For tomorrow is the future we all share. here is a thought for you, what is the worlds greatest computer? Mac?PC? how about the huge mainframe computers they have at NASA? No. you see it Jo here in our heads, this is the worlds greatest computer. and your eyes, I see you still have your eyes open, thats good. but do you know what you are seeing? I mean really seeing? Every second, every single second your eyes take in 72 gigabytes of information, the worlds greatest camera. Now is that not incredible. A computer and a camera. and this data this code is hidden up here behind the firewall of our personality. 86 billion neurons evolved to understand, to translate, to give us our vision of the world around us.